Glutamic acid

Glutamic acid is an excitatory neurotransmitter that increases the firing of neurons in the central nervous system. It is a major excitatory neurotransmitter in the brain and spinal cord and is the precursor of GABA.

This amino acid is important in the metabolism of sugars and fats, and aids in the transportation of potassium across the blood-brain barrier. Although it does not pass the blood-brain barrier as readily as glutamine does, it is found at high levels in the blood and may infiltrate the brain in small amounts. The brain can use glutamic acid as fuel. Glutamic acid can detoxify ammonia by picking up nitrogen atoms, in the process creating another amino acid, glutamine. The conversion of glutamic acid into glutamine is the only means by which ammonia in the brain can be detoxified.

Glutamic acid helps to correct personality disorders and is useful in treating childhood behavioral disorders. It is used in the treatment of epilepsy, mental retardation, muscular dystrophy, ulcers, and hypoglycemic coma, a complication of insulin treatment for diabetes.

Where is it found ?

As with the other amino acids, excellent sources of glutamic acid include meat, poultry, fish, eggs, and dairy products. Some protein-rich plant foods also supply glutamic acid.

Who is likely to be deficient ?

Most food sources of protein supply glutamic acid, so only an individual deficient in protein would become deficient in glutamic acid.

How much to take

Healthy people do not need to take glutamic acid as a supplement; for those who do use this amino acid, appropriate amounts should be determined with the consultation of a nutritionally oriented physician.

Side effects

Glutamic acid is generally free of side effects for the vast majority of people who take it; however, individuals with kidney or liver disease should not consume high intakes of amino acids without consulting a healthcare professional.

Caution

When used for treating children, always do it under proper medical supervision. Individuals with a sensitivity to monosodium glutamate (MSG), even though it is not the same as glutamic acid or glutamine, may experience an allergic reaction to them. Before taking these supplements, consult with a doctor.

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