Arginine

Arginine retards the growth of tumors and cancer by enhancing immune function. It increases the size and activity of the thymus gland, which manufactures T lymphocytes (T cells), crucial components of the immune system. Arginine may therefore benefit those suffering from AIDS and malignant diseases that suppress the immune system. It is also good for liver disorders such as cirrhosis of the liver and fatty liver; it aids in liver detoxification by neutralizing ammonia. Seminal fluid contains arginine. Studies suggest that sexual maturity may be delayed by arginine deficiency; conversely, arginine is useful in treating sterility in men. It is found in high concentrations in the skin and connective tissues, making it helpful for healing and repair of damaged tissue.

Arginine is important for muscle metabolism. It helps to maintain a proper nitrogen balance by acting as a vehicle for transportation and storage, and aiding in the excretion, of excess nitrogen. This amino acid aids in weight loss because it facilitates an increase in muscle mass and a reduction of body fat. It is also involved in a variety of enzymes and hormones. It aids in stimulating the pancreas to release insulin, is a component of the pituitary hormone vasopressin, and assists in the release of growth hormones. Because arginine is a component of collagen and aids in building new bone and tendon cells, it can be good for arthritis and connective tissue disorders. Scar tissue that forms during wound healing is made up of collagen, which is rich in arginine. A variety of functions, including insulin production, glucose tolerance, and liver lipid metabolism, are impaired when the body is deficient in arginine.

This amino acid can be produced in the body; however, in newborn infants, production may not occur quickly enough to keep up with requirements. Foods high in arginine include carob, chocolate, coconut, dairy products, gelatin, meat, oats, peanuts, soybeans, walnuts, white flour, wheat, and wheat germ.

Those with viral infections such as herpes should not take supplemental arginine, and should avoid foods rich in arginine, as it appears to promote the growth of certain viruses. L-Arginine supplements should be avoided by pregnant and lactating women. Persons with schizophrenia should avoid amounts over 30 milligrams daily. Long-term use, especially of high doses, is not recommended. One study found that several weeks of large doses may result in thickening and coarsening of the skin.

Where is it found ?

Dairy, meat, poultry, and fish are good sources of arginine. Nuts and chocolate also contain significant amounts of this amino acid.

Who is likely to be deficient ?

Normally, the body makes enough arginine, even when it is lacking in the diet. However, during times of unusual stress (including infection, burns, and injury), the body may not be able to keep up with increased requirements.

How much to take

Most people do not need to take extra arginine. While some people with serious infections, burns, or other trauma should take arginine, appropriate doses must be determined by a doctor. Levels used in research vary considerably. Optimal intakes remain unknown and are likely to vary depending upon the individual.

Side effects

Arginine has so far appeared to be free of obvious side effects, although some doctors are concerned that increases in growth hormone triggered by arginine could overwork the pancreas.

Individuals with kidney or liver disease should consult their nutritionally oriented doctor before supplementing with arginine. Individuals with herpes, either cold sores or genital herpes, should not take arginine supplements because arginine can stimulate replication of the virus.

Large amounts of arginine in animals can both promote and interfere with cancer growth. In preliminary research, high intake (30 grams per day) of arginine has increased cancer cell growth in humans. On the other hand, in people with cancer, arginine has been found to stimulate the immune system. At this time it remains unclear whether arginine is dangerous or helpful for people with cancer.

Arginine works with ornithine in the synthesis of growth hormone.

Caution

Do not give arginine to infants or growing children, since arginine may cause giantism. If dwarfism is the infant's or child's problem, discuss the options with your health care provider before using any amino acid supplements. Do not give to those with schizophrenic problems. Individuals with herpes should not use supplements or eat foods rich in this amino acid, as it is believed to trigger the herpes virus. To counteract this reaction, and still be able to take L-arginine, try taking 500 mg of L-lysine, which may inhibit an herpes virus outbreak. Excessively large dosages of 20 or more grams can cause bone and joint deformities. If you take too much arginine over a period of several weeks, your skin can become course or thicken. Reduce your arginine intake to allow the problem to rectify itself.

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